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Question: Analyse the cross-cultural management issues that can be expected to arise when an organisation from your home culture engages in business activity with an organisation from a different culture. Answer: Introduction Culture is a very complicated term to be defined in this competitive business environment. Culture can be defined from many aspects. It is generally the way a human being can be seen and the important things like his home country. The culture of the human beings depend on several things like their dressing, music, values, ethics and many others. These things will have to be taken under consideration when discussing about a persons culture. When an organization expands into another country from their home country, they need to get adapted to that culture properly. Otherwise they would not be able to survive in that particular culture. The cultural framework model is indeed one of the most important things to talk about the culture in the organizations. There are several cultural frameworks that are being used in order to identify the needs for the balance between the different cultures and their people. These different cultural frameworks are the culrural dimension by Hofstede, High or Low context framework by Hall, World Values Survey Framework and Globe study framework. These different cultural frameworks would be discussed in this paper. Comparisons and analysis Hofstedes cultural dimensions According to the cultural dimensions of Hofstede, there are several differences that can be seen and many cross cultural management issues can arise from it (Taras, Steel and Kirkman 2012). It can be noted that the complex programming of the human has been designed by Hofstede (Moran, Abramson and Moran, 2014). This allows for the different things like assessing the cultures of the different countries. It has to be understood that there are major differences between the individuals due to their home countries. They can be put in two groups as suggested by Hofstede through individualism and collectivism. This can be identified in the cultures of Japan and United States of America. The business organizations in those countries particularly should be able to understand the cultural differences (Minkov and Hofstede 2012). If an organization from USA expands their business to the Asian countries they will have to keep in mind this cultural difference. The employees in USA are much concern ed about the individualism and Japanese employees care about collectivism more. This is why they should not practice individualism in Japan. This might hurt the emotions of the employees. The cross cultural management issues will arise due to the High MAS and Low MAS points. The high MAS workers show tremendous egos and for them money and achievements are very important. On the contrary, the low MAS people are more concerned about the quality of life they lead. They are much relationship oriented. This is where the cross cultural conflicts can arise if the managers belong to high MAS and employees belong to Low MAS (Minkov and Hofstede 2012) Halls High or Low context framework The High or Low context framework by Hall focuses mainly upon the communication across the individuals among the employees and business managers (French 2015). The principle thing in these two kinds of cultures is high context cultures look upon the entire communication through implicit viewpoints. The employees do not need to utter many words in order to express what they have to say. On the contrary in the low context cultures, the explicit communication is encouraged with much utterance of words (Chanlat, Davel and Dupuis 2013). If the home country follows the high context culture and the other country follows the low context culture some critical management issues can arise. This is because the high context cultures are very slow to implement the change process and the low context cultures change very fast. The high context cultures focus on long-term relationships whereas the low context cultures focus on short-term relationships (Chaney and Martin 2013). The conflicts can arise when the managers will implement the change and the cross cultural differences will come out in front (Thomas and Peterson 2017). This would affect the natural flow of work among the organizations in home country and other country (French 2015). These cross cultural management issues can affect the relationship between the employees and the managers. This is why these issues have to be mitigated and the managers will have to respect the high context cultures if they value the low context cultures themselves. World values Survey framework This is another toll by which the cross cultural differences can be measured. This framework always provides the sufficient data on the socio-cultural and political changes that take place all around the world. The importance of globalization has left a huge impact on the cross cultural issues in the business organizations (Ahern, Daminelli and Fracassi 2015). The economic range of the home country and the other country determines the fact that they have some objectives for the future. There are some important cultural differences that could be seen between the countries. This can be further discussed as the economic capabilities will insist the organizations to invest more in the developing countries. However, there might be some cross cultural differences (Thomas and Peterson 2017). The utility functions in the organizations would have to be discussed in many aspects. There might be some important issues regarding the cross cultural differences between the two countries, they would have to implement some strategies that would completely mitigate the cross cultural differences (Ahern, Daminelli and Fracassi 2015) Globe study framework The Globe study framework was designed to interpret the cultural differences across countries and the business organizations (Chhokar, Brodbeck and House, 2013). The society rules and values are being given the primary focus in this framework. Some of the important elements in this framework are power distance, uncertainty, institutional collectivism, humane orientation, collectivism and Gender Egalitarianism. The clusters can be divided according to the geographic sections of the countries. If any cross cultural management issues arise, these elements will have to be highlighted in this context (Smith et al. 2013). The clusters are divided into African, Middle Eastern, Eastern European, Latin European, Nordic, Anglo, Germanic, Confucian, South East Asian and Latin American (Chhokar, Brodbeck and House, 2013) The divisions will have to be like these as per the geographic regions and the cross management issues will have to be dealt with according to those elements as stated above. Conclusion This paper can be concluded by saying the four frameworks have been described in this paper. The Hofstede model is considered to be one of the best models for assuming the cultural dimensions. These dimensions should be considered in order to mitigate the cross cultural differences in the organizations and the countries. References Ahern, K.R., Daminelli, D. and Fracassi, C., 2015. Lost in translation? The effect of cultural values on mergers around the world.Journal of Financial Economics,117(1), pp.165-189. Chaney, L. and Martin, J., 2013.Intercultural business communication. Pearson Higher Ed. Chanlat, J.F., Davel, E. and Dupuis, J.P. eds., 2013.Cross-cultural management: culture and management across the world. Routledge. Chhokar, J.S., Brodbeck, F.C. and House, R.J. eds., 2013.Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. French, R., 2015.Cross-cultural management in work organisations. Kogan Page Publishers. Minkov, M. and Hofstede, G., 2012. Hofstedes fifth dimension: New evidence from the World Values Survey.Journal of cross-cultural psychology,43(1), pp.3-14. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Smith, P.B., Fischer, R., Vignoles, V.L. and Bond, M.H., 2013.Understanding social psychology across cultures: Engaging with others in a changing world. Sage. Taras, V., Steel, P. and Kirkman, B.L., 2012. Improving national cultural indices using a longitudinal meta-analysis of Hofstede's dimensions.Journal of World Business,47(3), pp.329-341. Thomas, D.C. and Peterson, M.F., 2017.Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage Publications.