The Death Of A Man s Obedience - 884 Words

Obedience You have to make choices whether to follow the rules of not. To be obedient means to comply with an order, request, or submission to another’s authority. This authority has the power to make an individual obey in ways that go against their personal and moral values. Because of this the authority can make individuals commit terrible acts without question. An example of this can be the abhorrent and inhumane acts carried out by German soldiers in WWII. All the German troops’ orders were from one single individual, Adolf Hitler. Why is it that man is so prone to obey and why is it hard for him to contravene? The reason for man’s obedience is a mixture of social influences, authority figures, and their own self conscience. A person’s obedience can be derived from social pressure and group minds. Most all people live their lives in groups such as with family, work groups, school peers, political groups, etc. Also most people want to belong to a group and can’t stand being unaccompanied. We are group animals and tend to think as the group thinks which makes it hard for an individual to maintain their own opinions. According to Lessing, â€Å"People who have experienced a lot of groups, who have observed their own behavior, may agree that the hardest thing in the world is to stand out against one’s group, a group of one’s peers. Many agree that among our most shameful memories is this, how often we said black was white because other people were saying it† (653). A person’sShow MoreRelatedThe Dream Of The Rood881 Words   |  4 Pageswhich inspires one to think, to contemplate, and to begin to better understand one’s own faith. The Rood tells us of its life, from being a tree to being the instrument in Christ’s death to its visions after Christ’s death, burial, and resurrection. I felt the Rood’s agony as it became an unwilling participant in the death of the Lord. Th e purpose of this poem is to bring the glory back to God, reflecting on his goodness and his purposes in the earth. The dreamer, who heard and recounted the Rood’sRead MoreThe Grace That Leads to Death Essay1319 Words   |  6 PagesCome and Die: The grace that leads to death Costly versus cheap grace The grace that leads to death Grace that demands a response Bonhoeffers theological intersection with Wesleyanism Grace is a word that can seem dull and lifeless in the church today due to its overuse and familiarity. Dietrich Bonhoeffer sees grace, costly grace, as the summary of the true Gospel. In Bonhoeffers day, such costly grace had been exchanged for a cheap imitation of grace that was little more than emptyRead MoreThe Book Of Genesis Is Submerged With Revelation1160 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The Book of Genesis is submerged with revelation(s) which shows similarities between the first Adam(s) and the last Adam(s). Revelation is the knowledge which the owner of the land gives unto his subjects to execute his purpose in the land, in his place, see John 16:7-16; As the first Adam is the son of God, see Luke 3:38. The last Adam is God the Son, see Hebrews 1:8. Adam was given the knowledge to execute the Father’s purpose in the garden, this is a type of revelation, see GenesisRead MoreThe Perils Of Obedience By Milgram And The Stanford Prison Experiment1207 Words   |  5 Pagesalways question the idea of obedience. Two prestigious psychologists, Stanley Milgram and Philip G. Zimbardo, conducted practical obedience experiments with astonishing results. Shocked by the amount of immoral obedience, both doctors wrote articles exploring the reasoning for the test subjects unorthodox manners. In The Perils of Obedience by Milgram and The Stanford Prison Experiment by Zimb ardo, the professionals reflect their thoughts in a logical manner. Milgram s experiment consisted ofRead MoreBible - Role of Abraham1638 Words   |  7 Pagesimportant figures in the Hebrew Bible, and is central to the understanding of God#8217;s solution to the problem of mankind. Man, the mysterious creature that God wraught as a semi-experiment, is constantly prone to believe he is self-sufficient and capable of survival without God, the central problem God must deal with in the Hebrew Bible. To solve this problem, God decides to strike fear in the heart of man and to revolutionise his lifestyle by creating laws and empowering a chosen group of peopleRead MoreWho Can Blame The Poor Little Demon?1596 Words   |  7 Pageshis own rebellious head (III, 80-86). Armed not only with a personal magnitude but also with cunning, Satan proceeds to insinuate himself into the lives of Adam and Eve and of course into the lives of all men. In Book IV there are hints of Satan s understanding his limitations, which is to say that Satan becomes plagued by, the Hell within him (IV, 20). Myself am Hell, he says later (IV, 75), but continues his initiative partially out of the potential for mortification among his fellow devilsRead MoreThe Causes Of Obedience From Research By Milgram ( 1974 ) And His Contemporaries1360 Words   |  6 PagesDescribe and explain what we can learn about the causes of Obedience from research by Milgram (1974) and his Contemporaries. Stanley Milgram was a Psychologist at Yale. Obedience is an essential part in the format of humanity, and it’s destructiveness has been investigated throughout time. Stanley Milgram organized a research to test the destructiveness of obedience however, Milgram wanted to investigate why ordinary people are keen to obey an authority figure and commit evil deeds even when itRead MoreWomen s Role During Society Has Changed Dramatically Throughout History1350 Words   |  6 Pagesled to develop emotional weakness, obedience to men, and they allow men to use them as tools of manipulation. These flaws are ultimately the causes of the women’s deaths, and they prove women to seem inferior to men. As a result of their misogynistic surroundings, women in H​amlet​are extremely weak in comparison to men. B​ecause she is a woman, Gertrude lets her weakness control her life. Rather than doing the morally righteous thing, mourning her husband’s death, she is unable to resist putting herRead More Man Against God in Moby Dick Essay817 Words   |  4 Pages Man Against God in Moby Dick nbsp; Thee Works Citednbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; God, God is against thee, old man; forbear! tis an ill voyage! ill begun; ill continued... (418). Humanity has embarked on a journey. A journey of choice that will lead into the end days; one which will determine mankinds fate and weave the mat of life to completion. Humanity, like Captain Ahab, has chosen to follow the direction of his own desires rather than reason and faith. Refusing to hear the voiceRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes s Leviathan 1268 Words   |  6 Pagesinterests under a common power. In Leviathan, Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury writes profoundly on the arrangement of legitimate government and the structure of society by calling to attention the constant vying for â€Å"power after power that ceaseth only in death† (Hobbes, 56). Through his depiction of human interactions, Hobbes claims that there is a perpetual longing for ease and protection, knowledge, and fame (Hobbes, 56-57). When desires are conflicting, Hobb es claims that there is fierce competition that

Life Has Undergone A Series Of Experiences - 939 Words

In my short stay of about six months in this beautiful country, life has undergone a series of experiences, some good and some not so good. Being an optimistic person I would definitely like to carry forward all the good ones ahead in life but the bad ones also need little introspection. One of the experiences I would like to talk about here is the issue related to finding a job. With so much inflow of people each year in this country finding a job is a tuff call. People usually land up in this country with a number of degrees an years of work experience. One usually starts up with online application to the jobs one finds that he or she could fit in as she has that knowledge and experience which the job demands, but ultimately the e-mail inbox gets filled up with negative responses. The next step the migrants usually take is searching for any odd job with printed CV’s in hand and directly approaching places, that’s where one gets to see the real picture. You are actually denied the job because of your ethnicity or the colour of skin. It was actually surprising encounter in this part of the world. I have experienced that Indians or broadly I can even say Asians are just looked down upon I don’t know for what reasons? Especially when it comes to initial employment opportunities this is the scenario faced by many of us here, so I would actua lly like to elaborate on Racial Discrimination in relation to employment. Migration is in itself a big step in life but it’s not an easyShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Cool? Interpreting the Idea in The Cool Kids by Katy Waldman855 Words   |  3 PagesWhen defining the term â€Å"cool,† what factors do you take into consideration in order to describe what â€Å"cool† is? Do you think of â€Å"cool† regarding popular culture or the type of â€Å"cool† that someone has as a type of characteristic. In her article The Cool Kids, Katy Waldman, assistant editor of Slate.com, addresses the variations of cool and how it is something that differs between people. In this essay, I will be discussing how Waldman addresses her audience with relatable examples in order to showRead MoreShould Abortion Be The Choice Of A Woman Or Not Allowed At All?1164 Words   |  5 PagesThere are many factors that affect the decision to receive an abortion. For this reason I felt the need to view the issue from both a pro-life and a pro-choice standpoint. I do believe in the principle that everybody should be able to make their own choice, but in the instance of taking the life of a human baby, it is a hazier subject. 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The idea of embarking on journeys has stood the test of time - early man explored uncharted territories, while modern citizens jump at the chance to have an overseas experience. Are we truly concerned with materialistic experiences, or are we seeking to expand our horizons ? The term pilgrimage itself suggests a journey to a geographical location of spiritual importance. However, journey

Managing across Global Culture-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Analyse the cross-cultural management issues that can be expected to arise when an organisation from your home culture engages in business activity with an organisation from a different culture. Answer: Introduction Culture is a very complicated term to be defined in this competitive business environment. Culture can be defined from many aspects. It is generally the way a human being can be seen and the important things like his home country. The culture of the human beings depend on several things like their dressing, music, values, ethics and many others. These things will have to be taken under consideration when discussing about a persons culture. When an organization expands into another country from their home country, they need to get adapted to that culture properly. Otherwise they would not be able to survive in that particular culture. The cultural framework model is indeed one of the most important things to talk about the culture in the organizations. There are several cultural frameworks that are being used in order to identify the needs for the balance between the different cultures and their people. These different cultural frameworks are the culrural dimension by Hofstede, High or Low context framework by Hall, World Values Survey Framework and Globe study framework. These different cultural frameworks would be discussed in this paper. Comparisons and analysis Hofstedes cultural dimensions According to the cultural dimensions of Hofstede, there are several differences that can be seen and many cross cultural management issues can arise from it (Taras, Steel and Kirkman 2012). It can be noted that the complex programming of the human has been designed by Hofstede (Moran, Abramson and Moran, 2014). This allows for the different things like assessing the cultures of the different countries. It has to be understood that there are major differences between the individuals due to their home countries. They can be put in two groups as suggested by Hofstede through individualism and collectivism. This can be identified in the cultures of Japan and United States of America. The business organizations in those countries particularly should be able to understand the cultural differences (Minkov and Hofstede 2012). If an organization from USA expands their business to the Asian countries they will have to keep in mind this cultural difference. The employees in USA are much concern ed about the individualism and Japanese employees care about collectivism more. This is why they should not practice individualism in Japan. This might hurt the emotions of the employees. The cross cultural management issues will arise due to the High MAS and Low MAS points. The high MAS workers show tremendous egos and for them money and achievements are very important. On the contrary, the low MAS people are more concerned about the quality of life they lead. They are much relationship oriented. This is where the cross cultural conflicts can arise if the managers belong to high MAS and employees belong to Low MAS (Minkov and Hofstede 2012) Halls High or Low context framework The High or Low context framework by Hall focuses mainly upon the communication across the individuals among the employees and business managers (French 2015). The principle thing in these two kinds of cultures is high context cultures look upon the entire communication through implicit viewpoints. The employees do not need to utter many words in order to express what they have to say. On the contrary in the low context cultures, the explicit communication is encouraged with much utterance of words (Chanlat, Davel and Dupuis 2013). If the home country follows the high context culture and the other country follows the low context culture some critical management issues can arise. This is because the high context cultures are very slow to implement the change process and the low context cultures change very fast. The high context cultures focus on long-term relationships whereas the low context cultures focus on short-term relationships (Chaney and Martin 2013). The conflicts can arise when the managers will implement the change and the cross cultural differences will come out in front (Thomas and Peterson 2017). This would affect the natural flow of work among the organizations in home country and other country (French 2015). These cross cultural management issues can affect the relationship between the employees and the managers. This is why these issues have to be mitigated and the managers will have to respect the high context cultures if they value the low context cultures themselves. World values Survey framework This is another toll by which the cross cultural differences can be measured. This framework always provides the sufficient data on the socio-cultural and political changes that take place all around the world. The importance of globalization has left a huge impact on the cross cultural issues in the business organizations (Ahern, Daminelli and Fracassi 2015). The economic range of the home country and the other country determines the fact that they have some objectives for the future. There are some important cultural differences that could be seen between the countries. This can be further discussed as the economic capabilities will insist the organizations to invest more in the developing countries. However, there might be some cross cultural differences (Thomas and Peterson 2017). The utility functions in the organizations would have to be discussed in many aspects. There might be some important issues regarding the cross cultural differences between the two countries, they would have to implement some strategies that would completely mitigate the cross cultural differences (Ahern, Daminelli and Fracassi 2015) Globe study framework The Globe study framework was designed to interpret the cultural differences across countries and the business organizations (Chhokar, Brodbeck and House, 2013). The society rules and values are being given the primary focus in this framework. Some of the important elements in this framework are power distance, uncertainty, institutional collectivism, humane orientation, collectivism and Gender Egalitarianism. The clusters can be divided according to the geographic sections of the countries. If any cross cultural management issues arise, these elements will have to be highlighted in this context (Smith et al. 2013). The clusters are divided into African, Middle Eastern, Eastern European, Latin European, Nordic, Anglo, Germanic, Confucian, South East Asian and Latin American (Chhokar, Brodbeck and House, 2013) The divisions will have to be like these as per the geographic regions and the cross management issues will have to be dealt with according to those elements as stated above. Conclusion This paper can be concluded by saying the four frameworks have been described in this paper. The Hofstede model is considered to be one of the best models for assuming the cultural dimensions. These dimensions should be considered in order to mitigate the cross cultural differences in the organizations and the countries. References Ahern, K.R., Daminelli, D. and Fracassi, C., 2015. Lost in translation? The effect of cultural values on mergers around the world.Journal of Financial Economics,117(1), pp.165-189. Chaney, L. and Martin, J., 2013.Intercultural business communication. Pearson Higher Ed. Chanlat, J.F., Davel, E. and Dupuis, J.P. eds., 2013.Cross-cultural management: culture and management across the world. Routledge. Chhokar, J.S., Brodbeck, F.C. and House, R.J. eds., 2013.Culture and leadership across the world: The GLOBE book of in-depth studies of 25 societies. Routledge. French, R., 2015.Cross-cultural management in work organisations. Kogan Page Publishers. Minkov, M. and Hofstede, G., 2012. Hofstedes fifth dimension: New evidence from the World Values Survey.Journal of cross-cultural psychology,43(1), pp.3-14. Moran, R.T., Abramson, N.R. and Moran, S.V., 2014.Managing cultural differences. Routledge. Smith, P.B., Fischer, R., Vignoles, V.L. and Bond, M.H., 2013.Understanding social psychology across cultures: Engaging with others in a changing world. Sage. Taras, V., Steel, P. and Kirkman, B.L., 2012. Improving national cultural indices using a longitudinal meta-analysis of Hofstede's dimensions.Journal of World Business,47(3), pp.329-341. Thomas, D.C. and Peterson, M.F., 2017.Cross-cultural management: Essential concepts. Sage Publications.

Comedy of Errors Analysis free essay sample

In comedy, the plot is to a greater extent driven by the characters, which are accordingly multi-dimensional and continue to develop throughout. The characters in the play do lack the depth of those in the more mature comedies (The Comedy of Errors is considered an early work). This was viewed as a problem by many critics in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, who based critical analysis of Shakespeares plays around the psychological complexity of characters. The greater the complexity, the more worthy the play is deemed. Judged by this criterion, The Comedy of Errors falls short of the mature comedies. However, the characters are not as one-dimensional as would be expected from a farce: Adriana, Antipholus S. and Egeon have a measure of complexity. The themes too appear too weighty for pure farce: debt, identity, and love and marriage, though we have to wait for the later plays to see them explored more fully. STUCK WITH SOME HOMEWORK ISSUE NO With regard to plot, too, the play has aspects of farce. In his Lectures upon WORRIES POST A Shakespeare, the poet and critic Samuel Taylor Coleridge (1772-1834) called The CALLOUT HERE ON NOVELGUIDE Comedy of Errors a farce: A proper farce is mainly distinguished from comedy by studyhall. ovelguide. com the license allowed, and even required, in the fable, in order to produce strange and laughable situations. The story need not be probable, it is enough that it is possible. A comedy would scarcely allow even the two Antipholuses; . . . farce add(s) the two Dromios. Though most Shakespeare plays contain improbable elements, The Comedy of Errors has a great deal, and considerable suspension of disbelief is demanded of the audience. However, it is possible to argue that the improbable plot, far from being a problem, is the main point of the play. Shakespeare creates an enchanted atmosphere in which anything can happen. The certainties of life are stripped away; reason no longer applies; it is a world of pure potentiality. The fact that most people find this play to be the funniest that Shakespeare wrote (seeing a good performance will confirm this) adds to this disorienting effect, as humor works by subverting expectations. Thus, the farcical elements perform a serious role while at the same Novel Guides Schools Invite a friend Blogs Hey Tutor Homework Help- Callout Log In to Novelgude 1 of 5 28/05/2013 3:36 PM NovelGuide: The Comedy of Errors: Essay QA Study Guide| Novelguide http://www. novelguide. com/TheComedyofErrors/essayquestions. html 1 A B C Novelguide: Search Study Guides Latest Reports EssaysD E F G H Latest Quotes By Topic O I J K L M N P Q R S T U V W X Y Z Navigation See whats new on our blog About Us Test Prep Material Subscription Plans How it Works Book Store Report Essay Novelguides Search Your School Contact Us Useful Links Be a student helper Hire a student helper Find a student helper Invite classmates Join a school Join a teacher group Rate a teacher group Teacher ratings Subscription Plans www. studyhall. novelguide. com www. video. novelguide. com www. marketplace. novelguide. com About Us Novelguide. com is the premier free source for literary analysis Test Prep Material on the web. We provide an educational supplement for better understanding of classic and contemporary literature. Novelguide. com is continually in the process of adding more books to the website each week. Please check back weekly to see what we have added. Please let us know if you have any suggestions or comments or would like any additional information. Thanks for checking out our website. Copyright  © 1999 2012 Novelguide. com. All Rights Reserved. 6-SAT-9Verbal(Analogy) 7-GRE-Vocabulary(Find the meaning) 8-SAT-9Vocab(Find the Meaning) 9-Sample-Test 10-SAT-9Math-First-Half more Terms of Use Copyright Privacy main purpose in writing the play. In conclusion, the play contains elements of both comedy and farce, but is not constrained by either genre. 2. Compare and contrast the attitude to love and marriage held by Adriana and Luciana. Do their attitudes change in the course of the play? In Act 2, scene 1, Adriana complains angrily of her husband Antipholuss absences from home. She does not see why men should enjoy more freedom than women, and objects to the double standards applying to male and female behavior. Luciana presents the view of a dutiful wife: Adriana should show patience, and men need more freedom because business takes them out and about. She draws on Biblical sources in her speech upholding the concept of a natural order in which males have dominion over females. It is not presumptuous to say that this is Shakespeares own view, since his plays uphold the natural order and show the devastating consequences of its subversion. Adriana sees Lucianas view as servitude, and blames it for the fact that she is still unmarried. She thinks that if she were married, she would have power over her husband. But Luciana believes that she should learn to obey before learning to love. If her husband strayed, she would not complain until she had a chance to discuss it. Adriana is unimpressed, pointing out that Luciana speaks from inexperience. Adrianas despair over Antipholuss behavior is a product of her view of marriage as a merging of one partners identity in the others (Act 2, scene 2, lines 119-129), so that they are undividable, incorporate. This view is destructive. Adrianas possessiveness only results in her husbands concocting white lies in the next scene Novel Guides Schools Invite a friend Blogs Hey Tutor Homework Help- Callout Log In to Novelgude 2 of 5 28/05/2013 3:36 PM NovelGuide: The Comedy of Errors: Essay QA Study Guide| Novelguide http://www. novelguide. om/TheComedyofErrors/essayquestions. html to cover for his absences. And after Adriana unwittingly locks him out of his home, he exploits his friendship with the Courtesan to pay his wife back, her extreme jealousy making her an easy target of such manipulation. Both Adriana and her marriage suffer as a result of her possessiveness. We later learn that Luciana, unlike Adriana, may accept infidelity if the husband pretends to love his wife and is discree t. Ominously, she unwittingly says this to the man she may marry, giving him permission to cheat. Luciana bends over so far backwards in her submissive stance that she obliterates her own self-respect and identity to the same extent that Adriana does by her extreme possessiveness. Adriana is rebuked by the Abbess for her possessive nagging of Antipholus, but the Abbesss claim over the moral high ground is undermined by her about-turn: first, she says Adriana has not been tough enough, but then she switches to saying that Adriana has driven Antipholus mad by her jealous fits. The second verdict strikes home with Adriana; her own conscience prompts her to change in the direction of Lucianas patient stance. Luciana, for all her promised submission to a husband, joins up with a man (Antipholus S. ) who only wants to submit to her (teach me, dear creature, how to think and speak Act 3, scene 2, line 33), suggesting that she will modify her stance towards that taken initially by Adriana. However, it is possible to interpret this in another way. A tradition within ostensibly male-dominated societies teaches that womens power lies in submitting to the husband in the male spheres of providing money and protection, while maintaining spiritual and emotional leadership in the marriage. In other words, Shakespeare may be showing us the power of the submissive wife. But Lucianas spirited defence of Adriana against the Abbess (Act 5, scene 1, line 89) shows that she is not prepared to take injustice lying down, and this may suggest that she has modified her views. 3. Compare and contrast the two Antipholuses. The Antipholuses, though identical in appearance, are very different in personality. Antipholus S. first appears as a melancholic, insecure man who feels quite lost as a result of having lost his twin brother and mother. Even at the beginning of the confusion of identities that creates misunderstandings, he is fearful of witchcraft. He has heard that witches can transform a persons body and mind another twist on his fear that he has lost his identity. Antipholus E. , in contrast, believes he knows exactly who he is at the beginning of the play: he is husband to Adriana, and a wealthy and respected businessman in Ephesus with a comfortable home. But this assumed identity is based on illusion. Before the plays end, it appears that he has lost his wife (when she locks him out), his home (from which she bars him), his gold chain, and even his reputation and freedom (when Angelo vilifies and arrests him for not paying for the chain). All these things are finally restored to him, though not before he is seriously shaken up. It is notable that, mistaking Dromio E. for his own Dromio S. , Antipholus S. is irritated by his servants apparent jests and even strikes him, but he engages with his servant and allows himself to be laughed out of his anger. This contrasts markedly with Antipholus E. s invariably angry, violent and humorless responses to the Dromios. The two twins also treat their women differently: Antipholus E. s attitude to his wife is characterized by anger, jealousy and spite, with an admixture of contempt in his request to Angelo for collusion in a white lie to placate Adriana. Antipholus S. , on the other hand, is more timorous yet more respectful of women: he runs terrified from the Courtesan, thinking her a devil, but begs Luciana to transform him and create him anew. It must be said, in Antipholus E. s defense, that he suffers huge losses (wife, home, gold chain, reputation and freedom) and so has more to be angry about. Antipholus S. , on the other hand, gains a temporary wife (whom he does not like Adriana), a lover in Luciana, a gold chain, use of his brothers house, a dinner, and the attention that is usually given to his wealthy brother. But it could equally be argued that Novel Guides Schools Invite a friend Blogs Hey Tutor Homework Help- Callout Log In to Novelgude 3 of 5 28/05/2013 3:36 PM NovelGuide: The Comedy of Errors: Essay QA Study Guide| Novelguide http://www. novelguide. com/TheComedyofErrors/essayquestions. html previous sense of loss and incompleteness. In addition, his openness to new experiences in his acceptance of Adrianas dinner invitation makes it fitting that he should be given further gifts. Antipholus E. s lesson, on the other hand, is that he should not base his identity on the trappings of the wealthy merchant he believes himself to be, because all this can be (and is) taken from him. 4. What role does magic play in The Comedy of Errors? Shakespeare devotes great care to establishing Ephesus as a place of enchantment and illusion. In the Elizabethan mind, Ephesus (in modern-day Turkey) was associated with sorcery, exorcism, mystery cults, and emerging Christianity. Antipholus S. arrives in Ephesus fearful of its witches and sorcerers, and he blames the confusion caused by the two sets of identical twins on enchantments. This fear spreads to include other characters, who blame magic for the seeming transformations in themselves and their loved ones. Adriana engages Dr Pinch to exorcise her seemingly mad husband, and in Act 2, scene 2, Dromio S. wonders whether he has been turned into an ape or an ass by a sorcerer. Dromios image encompasses both the strange transformations that a sorcerer was supposed to be able to work in a persons appearance, and the connotation of foolishness, suggesting that they are all being made fools of. By the end of the play, even the normally reasonable Duke has caught the contagion of the fear of magic, and helplessly concludes, I think you have all drunk of Circes cup (Act 5, scene 1, line 271). The binding of Antipholus E. by Dr Pinchs men, and the Dukes falling victim to fears of witchcraft, push the atmosphere dangerously towards that of a witch-hunt: in Shakespeares day, people who were suspected of witchcraft were hunted, tortured and burned to death. Only the Abbesss calm intervention saves the situation. Her rational explanation for all that has taken place reveals everyones fear of magic and witches to be groundless. The magic turns out not to be real, and its chief exponent, Pinch, turns out to be a ridiculous charlatan. 5. What does Shakespeares use of his sources tell us about his aims in writing the play? Shakespeares main source for The Comedy of Errors was a comedy called Menaechmi, written by the ancient Roman playwright Plautus (c. 254- 184 BC). Shakespeare probably read the play in the original Latin, since the first English translation was only published in 1595, after The Comedy of Errors is believed to have been written. From Menaechmi Shakespeare took his central plot, which revolves around the errors caused by the mistaken identity of identical twin brothers. Shakespeare made a number of changes to Plautuss story. First, he added a second set of identical twins (the Dromios), doubling the possibilities for confusion. Second, he expanded Adrianas character (Plautus only has an anonymous shrewish Wife) and created her sister, Luciana, who acts as a foil to Adriana. In this way, Shakespeare gave women a greater voice and made possible the debate between the sisters about issues of marriage and gender. He also shrank the role of the Courtesan compared with Plautuss equivalent character, and took away her name. Third, he added the background story of Egeon and Emilia, giving a tragic element of loss redeemed by the final reunion. Critics generally agree that Shakespeare rounded out Plautuss one-dimensional characters and gave them greater humanity. Finally, Shakespeare added the setting of Ephesus as a place of enchantment and illusion, creating an undercurrent of fear and allowing for greater exploration of the issue of identity. The play also draws on other sources. The farcical, fast and furious style of Shakespeares play is drawn from Italian comedy of his own time. The scene where Antipholus E. is locked out of his home is similar to one in another work of Plautuss, Amphitruo. In Amphitruo, the wife entertains the god Jupiter in her husbands house in the belief that he is her husband; and the wife does sleep with Jupiter. Though Shakespeare does not explicitly say that nothing sexual happens between Novel Guides Schools Invite a friend Blogs Hey Tutor Homework Help- Callout Log In to Novelgude 4 of 5 28/05/2013 3:36 PM NovelGuide: The Comedy of Errors: Essay QA Study Guide| Novelguide http://www. novelguide. om/TheComedyofErrors/essayquestions. html Adriana and his single-minded wooing of her sister Luciana, which we see in full flow immediately after the dinner. Shakespeare thereby makes Adriana more innocent than Plautuss equivalent character and maintains more of a possibility of reconciliation between Adriana and her husband. analysis novel review biography novelguide book book reviews The Comedy of Errors novel guide William Shakespeare No vel Guides Schools Invite a friend Blogs Hey Tutor Homework Help- Callout Log In to Novelgude 5 of 5 28/05/2013 3:36 PM